Language and Dialect By Community
This is a list of the languages and dialects spoken by members of native
communities in British Columbia.
Members of five different native language families, as well as two
isolates, are spoken in British Columbia. For a list see:
Classified List of BC Native Languages
Languages belonging to different families are no more similar to each
other than English and Japanese. Of course, even related languages may be
quite different from each other.
It is important to be aware that some communities are bilingual or
multilingual, and that towns such as Prince George, Prince Rupert, Terrace,
and Williams Lake attract people of a variety of linguistic backgrounds.
For example, although the native language of the Prince George area is the
Lheidli dialect of Carrier, there are speakers of languages as varied
as Coast Tsimshian, Nisga'a, Nuxalk, Chilcotin, Tahltan, and Okanagan living
in Prince George, and there are probably more speakers of Cree than speakers
of Carrier.
- Adams Lake
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Ahousaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Aichelitz
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a
Salishan language.
- Alexandria
- Although originally a Carrier community, extensive intermarriage with
Chilcotins has resulted in this community becoming one in which the
dominant language and ethnic identity is Chilcotin
rather than Carrier.
The Tribal Council to which Alexandria belongs is the Tsilhqot'in National Government.
Chilcotin is an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Alexis Creek
- The native language is Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Alkali Lake
- See Esketemc
- Anaham
- See Tl'etinqox
- Anahim Lake
- See Lhk'acho.
- Anderson Lake
- The native language is St'át'imcets (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Ashcroft
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Beecher Bay
- The native language is Klallam,
a Salishan language.
- Bella Bella
- See Heiltsuk
- Binche
- The native language is a member of the Nak'albun/Dzinghubun
(Stuart/Trembleur Lake) dialect of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Blueberry River
- The native language is Dunne-za (Beaver), an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Bonaparte
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Boothroyd
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Boston Bar
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Bridge River
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Broman Lake
- See Wet'suwet'en First Nation
- Burns Lake
- Several First Nations, speaking several different languages, are located
in the vicinity of the town of Burns Lake. See:
- Burns Lake Band
- The few remaining members of this small band who speak an aboriginal
language speak a variety of languages, including both the Babine and
Witsuwit'en dialects of Babine-Witsuwit'en language, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
The true ancestral language of this community, however, appears to be a variety
of Carrier similar if not identical to the Stellako dialect.
- Burrard
- See Tsleil Waututh
- Campbell River
- See Kwiakah and We Wai Kai.
- Canim Lake
- The native language here is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Canoe Creek
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Canyon City
- See Gitwinksihlkw.
- Cape Mudge
- See We Wai Kai
- Cayoose Creek
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet),
a Salishan language.
- Chawathil
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Cheam
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Chehalis
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Chemainus
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Cheslatta
- A member of the Fraser/Nechako dialect group of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language. Its closet relative is the Stellakoh dialect of Carrier.
Due to interaction with members of the Nee-Tahi-Buhn and Skin-Tayi bands,
many Cheslatta people have a good understanding of Witsuwit'en, and a few
can speak it.
- Chomok
- See Boothroyd
- Chuntezni'ai
- See Nazko.
- Clayoquot
- See Tla-o-qui-aht
- Clinton
- See Whispering Pines
- Coldwater
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Columbia Lake
- The native language is Kootenai, an isolate.
- Comox
- The native language is Comox/Sliamon, a Salishan language.
- Cook's Ferry
- The native language is Nlakpamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Coquitlam
- See Kwayhquitlim
- Cowichan
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Deadman's Creek
- See Skeetchestn
- Dease River
- The native language is Kaska, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Ditidaht
- The native language is Ditidaht, more commonly called Nitinaht,
a Wakashan language.
- Doig River
- The native language is Dunne-za (Beaver), an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Douglas
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Duncan
- The native language is the Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Dzitl'ainli
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Ehattesaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Esketemc
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Esquimault
- The native language is a variety of Straits Salish.
- Fort Babine
- See Lake Babine Nation.
- Fort Fraser
- See Nadleh.
- Fort George
- See Lheidli.
- Fort Nelson
- The principal native language is Slave,
an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language, but there are also speakers of Sekani,
another Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Fort Rupert
- See Kwakiutl
- Fort Saint James
- See Nak'azdli.
- Fort Ware
- See Kwadacha.
- Fountain
- See Xaxli'p
- Fraser Lake
- See Stellakoh.
- Gitanmaax
- The native language is Gitksan, a Tsimshianic language.
- Gitanyow
- The native language is Gitksan, a Tsimshianic language.
- Gitlakdamix
- The native language is Nisga'a, a Tsimshianic language.
- Gitsegukla
- The native language is Gitksan, a Tsimshianic language.
- Gitwangax
- The native language is Gitksan, a Tsimshianic
language.
- Git'k'a'ata
- The native language is Coast Tsimshian, a Tsimshianic language.
- Gitwinksihlkw
- The native language here is a variety of Nisga'a,
a Tsimshianic language. It is most closely related to other varieties of Nisga'a,
and after them, to Gitksan.
- Glen Vowell
- See Sikokoak
- Gold River
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Grand Rapids
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Grassy Plains
- Most native people living around Grassy Plains are members of the
Cheslatta Carrier Nation and speak the Cheslatta
dialect of Carrier.
Some are members of the Skin-Tayi band and speak the Witsuwit'en dialect of
BabineWitsuwit'en.
- Greenville
- See Lakalzap
- Gwa'sala-Nakwaxda'xw
- The native language is Kwakw'ala,
a Wakashan language.
- Hagwilget
- The native language is the Witsuwit'en dialect of the
Babine-Witsuwit'en language, a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
family.
- Haisla
- The native language is Haisla,
a member of the Northern sugroup of the Wakashan language family, most
closely related to Heiltsuk (Bella Bella). It is unrelated to the neighbouring
Coast Tsimshian (Prince Rupert, Hartley Bay) and Nisga'a (New Aiyansh),
or to the Lhoosk'us (Kluskus), Lhk'acho (Anahim Lake) and Cheslatta
dialects of Carrier, which are Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit..
- Halalt
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language
- Halfway River
- The native language is Dunne-za (Beaver), an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Hartley Bay
- See Git'k'a'ata
- Heiltsuk
- The native language is Heiltsuk,
a Northern Wakashan language.
- Hesquiaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- High Bar
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Houston
- The native language is the Witsuwit'en dialect of
the Babine-Witsuwit'en
language, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Huu-ay-aht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Ingenika
- See Tsaykeh Dene
- Invermere
- The native language is Kootenai, an isolate.
- Iskut
- The native language is Tahltan, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
However, since 1962, there have been a substantial number of Sekani
people in Iskut. Sekani is also an Athabaskan language.
- Jeune Landing
- The native language is Kwakw'ala,
a Wakashan language.
- Kamloops
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Kanaka Bar
- The native language is Nlakpamux (Thompson),
a Salishan language.
- Katzie
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Kelowna
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Kinbasket
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language. There is some confusion about this because the Kinbasket people live among
Ktunaxa (Kootenay) people and belong to the Ktunaxa Nation Council.
- Kincolith
- The native language is Nisga'a, a Tsimshianic language.
- Kingcome Inlet
- See Tsawataineuk
- Kispiox
- The native language here is a variety of Gitksan, a Tsimshianic
language. It is most closely related to other varieties of Gitksan,
and after them, to Nisga'a.
- K'uzche
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Kitamaat
- See Haisla.
- Kitasoo
- The true native language here is South Tsimshian,
a nearly extinct Tsimshianic language. At present most native people
here who speak a native language speak Heiltsuk,
a North Wakashan language..
- Kitkatla
- The native language is Coast Tsimshian,
a Tsimshianic language.
- Kitselas
- The native language is Coast Tsimshian,
a Tsimshianic language.
- Kitsumkalum
- The native language here is Coast Tsimshian, a Tsimshianic
language. It is most closely related to the language spoken in Prince Rupert
and Hartley Bay. It is also related to Nisga'a, but only relatively distantly.
- Klahoose
- The native language is Comox/Sliamon, a Salishan language.
- Klemtu
- See Kitasoo
- Kluskus
- See Lhoosk'us.
- Kwadacha
- The native language is a dialect of the Sekani language.
- Kwakiutl (Fort Rupert)
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Kwantlen
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Kwaw Kwaw A Pilt
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Kwayhquitlim
- The native language is a downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Kwiakah
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Kyuquot
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Lakahahmen
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Lakalzap
- The native language is Nisga'a, a Tsimshianic language.
- Lake Babine Nation
- The native language here is a variety of the Babine dialect of the
Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which is a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language family. Its closest linguistic relative is the dominant language
of the Takla First Nation.
- Lax Kw'aalams
- The native language is Coast Tsimshian, a Tsimshianic language.
- Lheidli (Prince George)
- The native language is a dialect of Carrier, a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language family. It is a member of the Fraser/Nechako dialect group.
Its closest linguistic relative is Saik'uz dialect.
- Lhk'acho
- The dominant language is a member of the Blackwater dialect group
of the Carrier language, which is a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language
family. Its closest linguistic relative is the Lhoosk'us (Kluskus)
dialect of Carrier.
However, many people can also speak Chilcotin, a mutually
unintelligible Athabaskan language. The older elders also speak Nuxalk
(Bella Coola), an unrelated Salishan language.
- Lhoosk'us (Kluskus)
- The native language is a member of the Blackwater dialect group of
Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. Its closest linguistic relatives are
the Lhk'acho and Ndazko dialects of Carrier.
- Lhtakoh (Red Bluff)
- The native language is a member of the Blackwater dialect group of
Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. It is most closely related to the Nazkoh
dialect. Some people can also speak Chilcotin to some extent.
- Lillooet
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Little Shuswap
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Lower Kootenay
- The native language is Kootenai, an isolate.
- Lower Nicola
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Lower Post
- The native language is Kaska, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Lower Similkameen
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Lyackson
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Lytton
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- McLeod Lake band
- The native language is a dialect of the Sekani language, which belongs
to the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family. It is very closely related to the
Sekani dialects of Kwadacha (Fort Ware) and Ingenika. Some people
here can also speak Nak'azdli Carrier. Only a few people still
speak Sekani.
- Malahat
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Mamaleleqala Qwe'Qwa'sot'Enox
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Masset
- See Old Masset Village Council
- Matsqui
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Metlakatla
- The native language is Coast Tsimshian, a Tsimshianic language.
- Middle River
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Moberly
- The native languages spoken in this area are Dunne-za (Beaver), an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language,
and Cree, an Algonquian language. A few elders of the Saulteau First Nation
also speak Saulteau, an Algonquian language.
- Moricetown
- The native language is a variety of the Witsuwit'en
dialect of the Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family.
- Mount Currie
- The native language is a dialect of St'át'imcets (Lillooet), a Salishan
language. This dialect is sometimes known as Lower St'át'imcets.
- Mowachaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Musqueam
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Nadleh (Nautley)
- The native language is a member of the
Fraser/Nechako dialect group of the Carrier language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family. Its closest relatives are Stellakoh,
Saik'uz, Lheidli, and Cheslatta.
- Nak'azdli (Necoslie)
- The native language is a member of the Nak'albun/Dzinghubun
(Stuart/Trembleur Lake) dialect of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Namgis
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Nanaimo
- The native language is the Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Nanoose
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Nat'oot'en
- See Lake Babine Nation
- Nautley
- See Nadleh.
- Nazko, also known as Chuntezni'ai
- The native language is a member of the Blackwater dialect group of
Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. It is closely related to Lhtakoh (Red Bluff)
and Lhoosk'us (Kluskus).
- Necoslie
- See Nak'azdli.
- Nee-Tahi-Buhn band
- The native language is a variety of the Witsuwit'en
dialect of the Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family.
- Nemiah
- See Xeni Gwet'in
- Neskonlith
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- New Aiyansh
- The native language here is a variety of Nisga'a, a Tsimshianic
language. It is most closely related to other varieties of Nisga'a,
and after them, to Gitksan.
- New Westminster
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Nicomen
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Nimpkish
- See Namgis
- Nitinaht
- See Ditidaht
- Nooaitch
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- North Thompson
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Nuchtlaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Nuwitti
- See Tlatlasikwala
- Nuxalk (Bella Coola)
- The native language is a member of the Salishan language family.
It is therefore unrelated to the neighbouring Carrier and Chilcotin,
which are Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit, or to the neighbouring Heiltsuk (Bella Bella),
Oweekyala, and Haisla (Kitamaat), which are Wakshan. Although it belongs
to the Salishan language family and is therefore related to Secwepmectsin
Shuswap and St'at'imx (Lillooet), it is an outlier within the Salishan
family and its relationship to other Salishan languages is remote.
- Ohamil
- See Shxw'ow'hamel
- Ohiaht
- See Huu-ay-aht
- Okanagan
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Old Fort
- See Lake Babine Nation.
- Old Masset Village Council
- The native language is the Masset dialect of Haida, an isolate.
- Opetchesaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Oregon Jack Creek
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Osoyoos
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Oweekeno
- The native language is Oweekyala, a dialect of the same language
as Heiltsuk. Heiltsuk/Oweekyala is a North Wakashan language.
- Pacheenaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Pauquachin
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Pavillion
- See Ts'kw'aylaxw
- Pemberton
- See Mount Currie
- Penelakut
- The native language is an Island dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Penticton
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Peters
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Pinchie
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Popkum
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Portage
- See Yekooche
- Port Simpson
- See Lax Kw'aalams
- Prince George
- The native language of the area is the Lheidli
dialect of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. However, speakers of many
other languages are to be found in Prince George.
- Prince Rupert
- The native language is a variety of Coast Tsimshiann, a Tsimshianic
language.
- Prophet River
- Dunne-za (Beaver), Sekani, and Slave are all spoken here. All
three are Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit languages.
- Qualicum
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Quatsino
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Quesnel
The native language is Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Red Bluff
- See Lhtakoh.
- Redstone
- The native language is Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Saint Mary's
- The native language is Kootenai, an isolate.
- Saik'uz (Stoney Creek).
- The native language is a member of the
Fraser/Nechako dialect group of the Carrier language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family. Its closest relatives are Nadleh, Stellakoh,
Lheidli, and Cheslatta.
- Samahquam
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Saulteau First Nation
- Two languages are spoken here: Cree, an Algonquian language, and
Beaver, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. The variety of Cree spoken is Plains Cree.
It is similar to varieties spoken in Alberta.
The reason that this community refers to itself as Saulteau is that,
around 1880, the leader of a band of Saulteau people had a vision that told
him to go West. He did, and his people ended up merging with the Beaver and
Cree who now make up the Saulteau First Nation. The original language of
the Saulteau band was Saulteau, a dialect of Ojibwe, an Algonquian
language, but even before they settled in British Columbia they were
bilingual in Cree. The Saulteau language has all but died out in the
Saulteau First Nation. A few elders know it, but they all also speak Cree.
- Scowlitz
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Seabird Island
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Sechelt
- The native language is Sechelt, a Salishan language.
- Semiahmoo
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Seton Lake
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Shackan
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Shelly
- See Lheidli.
- Shuswap
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Shxw'ow'hamel
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Sikokoak
- The native language is Gitksan, a Tsimshianic language.
- Siska
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Skawahlook
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Skeetchestn
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Skidegate
- The native language is the Skidegate dialect of Haida, an isolate.
- Skin Tayi band
- The native language is a variety of the Witsuwit'en
dialect of the Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family.
- Skookum Chuck
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Skowkale
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Skuppah
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Skwah
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Skway
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Smithers
- The native language is the Witsuwit'en dialect of , an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Soda Creek
- The native language here is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Songhees
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Sooke
- See T'sou-ke
- Southbank
- The area around the south shore of Francois lake contains speakers of two languages.
Some are speakers of Witsuwit'en and are members of the Skin-Tayi and Nee-Tahi-Buhn bands.
Others are members of the Cheslatta Carrier Nation and speak the
Cheslatta dialect of Carrier.
- Soowahlie
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Spallumcheen
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Spuzzum
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Squamish
- The native language is Squamish, a Salishan language.
- Squiala
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Stellakoh
- The native language is a member of the
Fraser/Nechako dialect group of the Carrier language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family. Its closest relatives are Nadleh,
Saik'uz, Lheidli, and Cheslatta.
- Stone
- The native language is Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Stoney Creek
- See Saik'uz.
- Sugarcane (Williams Lake Indian Band)
- The native language here is Secwepmectsin (Shuswap), a member of the
Salishan language family. It is completely unrelated to the neighbouring
languages Chilcotin and Carrier, which belong to the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language
family.
- Sumas
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Tache
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Tachie
- See Tl'azt'en Nation
- Takla First Nation
- The dominant language here is a variety of the Babine dialect of the
Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which is a membe of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language family. Its closest linguistic relative is the dialect of the
Lake Babine Nation. Some Takla people speak Sekani, another Athabaskan language.
Sekani and Carrier are distantly related; they are not mutually intelligible.
Some Takla people, from the Bear Lake area, speak Gitksan. This is a
Tsimshianic language, completely unrelated to Athabaskan.
- Taku River Tlingit
- The native language is Tlingit, a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit-Eyak-Tlingit
language family.
- Tanakteuk
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Telegraph Creek
- The native language is Tahltan, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Telkwa
- The native language is the Witsuwit'en dialect of Babine-Witsuwit'en,
an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Terrace
- The First Nation whose principal reserve is in Terrace is
Kitsumkalum.
However, Terrace is a centre for people from the surrounding
area, some of whom take up residence there. Speakers of Nisga'a (Tsimshianic),
Haisla (Wakashan), and Tahltan (Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit) are to be found in Terrace.
- Tla-o-qui-aht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Tlatlasikwala
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Tl'azt'en Nation
- A band consisting of four communities: Tache (Tachie), Binche (Pinchie),
K'uzche (Grand Rapids), and Dzitl'ainli (Middle River).
The native language, which varies slightly from community to community,
is a member of the Nak'albun/Dzinghubun (Stuart/Trembleur Lake)
dialect of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Tl'etinqox
- The native language here is a variety of Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language. Note that Anaham Reserve, the English name for this community,
is not the same as the town of Anahim
Lake, next to which the main reserve of the Carrier-speaking Ulkatcho Indian
band (see Lhk'acho) is located.
- Tlowitsis-Mumtagilia
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Tofino
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Toosey
- The native language of this community is Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language unrelated to the neighbouring Shuswap, which is Salishan.
- Turnour Island
- See Tlowitsis-Mumtagilia
- Tobacco Plains
- The native language is Kootenai, an isolate.
- Toquaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Tsartlip
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Tsawataineuk
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- Tsawout
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Tsawassen
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a
Salishan language.
- Tsaykeh Dene
- The native language here is a variety of Sekani, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit
language.
- Tseshaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Tseycum
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Ts'kw'aylaxw
- This is a mixed community, with speakers of both St'at'imx (Lillooet)
and Shuswap. Both are Salishan languages.
- Tsleil Waututh
- The native language is a Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a
Salishan language.
- T'sou-ke
- The native language is a dialect of Straits Salish.
- Tsulquate
- See Gwa'sala-Nakwaxda'xw
- Tzeachten
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Uchucklesaht
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Ucluelet
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
- Ulgatcho
- See Lhk'acho
- Ulkatcho
- See Lhk'acho
- Union Bar
- The native language is an Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan
language.
- Upper Nicola
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Upper Similkameen
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Vancouver
- The native language is the Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Vanderhoof
- See Saik'uz.
- Victoria
- The native language is Northern Straits Salish, a Salishan language.
- We Wai Kai
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- We Wai Kum
- The native language is Kwakw'ala, a Wakashan language.
- West Moberly
- The native language is Dunne-za (Beaver), an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Westbank
- The native language is Okanagan, a Salishan language.
- Wet'suwet'en First Nation (formerly known as Broman Lake)
- The native language is a variety of the Witsuwit'en
dialect of the Babine-Witsuwit'en language, which belongs to the
Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language family.
- Whispering Pines
- The native language is Shuswap, a Salishan language.
- Williams Lake Indian Band
- See Sugarcane.
- Williams Lake
- Williams Lake is at the boundary between Secwepmectsin (Shuswap),
a Salishan language, and Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language. Just to the
south of town is Sugarcane, a Secwepmec reserve.
Not far to the west is Toosey, a Chilcotin reserve.
- Woyenne
- See Lake Babine Nation.
- Xaxli'p
- The native language is St'at'imx (Lillooet), a Salishan language.
- Xeni Gwet'in
- The native language is Chilcotin, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
- Xit'olacw
- This is part of Mt. Currie. The native language
is St'át'imcets (Lillooet),
a Salishan language.
- Yakweakwioose
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Yale
- The native language is a dialect of Halkomelem, a Salishan language.
- Yekooche (Portage)
- The native language is a member of the Nak'albun/Dzinghubun
(Stuart/Trembleur Lake) dialect of Carrier, an Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit language.
Many people here also have a good understanding of, and speak to varying extents, the Lake Babine dialect of the Babine-Witsuwit'en language.
- Zacht Reserve
- The native language is Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), a Salishan language.
- Zaimoetz Reserve
- The native language is a variety of Coast Tsimshian, a Tsimshianic language.
- Zeballos
- The native language is Nuuchanulth, a Wakashan language.
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Updated 2023-10-24